Why "Reference Range" is Preferred Over "Normal Range":

The term "reference range" is preferred to "normal range" because the definition of "normal" can vary significantly among different population groups.

Determining the Reference Range:

To establish a reference range, a representative sample of individuals from a specific population is tested. The average value of the test results is calculated, and a range of acceptable values is determined by allowing for natural variation (typically two standard deviations above and below the average). This ensures that 95% of individuals in the reference population will have test results within this range.

Interpretation of Test Results:

While most test results fall within the reference range, deviations from this range must be considered in conjunction with the individual's medical history, current medications, and other relevant factors.

Factors Affecting Test Accuracy:

Various factors can affect test accuracy, potentially leading to false positive or false negative results. These factors include:

* Certain foods and beverages
* Medications
* Stress
* Intense exercise
* Variations in laboratory procedures
* Underlying medical conditions

It is important to discuss any concerns or questions about test results with a healthcare provider for proper interpretation and further testing if necessary.